![](data:image/png;base64,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50 CÁLAMO / Revista de Estudios Jurídicos. Quito - Ecuador. Núm. 20 (Enero, 2024): 46-56
ISSN Impreso 1390-8863 ISSN Digital 2737-6133
Frankenstein, ou, o prometeu moderno
Cálamo 20
Enero 2024
(2012), consoante a qual as decisões baseadas no anseio
por conforto material e no intento de apagar qualquer
relação com o mundo que não pode ser provado, termina
na busca constante por valores transitórios.
Por simbolizar a vanguarda do pensamento moderno,
Frankenstein se apresenta como uma manifestação
artística onde é possível visualizar o egoísmo do homem
moderno, revestido de irresponsabilidade e pretensão,
isolado dos valores e das virtudes. Isto porque, sob o
manto da liberdade moderna, o indivíduo se importa,
tão-somente, com os seus direitos, sendo incapaz de
conceber a ideia de obrigação, como uma imposição
proveniente das convenções sociais, bastando, pois, seus
desejos. Dessa maneira, conforme se observa na obra
em destaque, a promoção pessoal, ao se tornar objetivo
supremo do jovem cientista, termina por excluí-lo da
comunidade. Esse rompimento, conforme aduz Weaver
(2012), não diz respeito especicamente ao Estado e suas
normas de coerção, mas à ideia de comunidade espiritual,
onde o homem pode experimentar os sentimentos de
solidariedade. Dessa maneira, o jovem Frankenstein,
absorto em seu afã de provar a possibilidade de criar
a vida em um laboratório, representa a própria repulsa
da modernidade quanto à incompreensão dos grandes
mistérios da existência, estabelecendo a racionalidade
humana como o limite único à conquista de todo o
conhecimento.
Demais disso, cabe notar que o reconhecimento
da conexão entre o passado, o presente e o futuro
desempenham relevante papel no contexto da
sociedade, ao estabelecer um vínculo de continuidade
e referência, por isso sendo problemática a ruptura
promovida a partir da modernidade, conforme se
extrai da narrativa em destaque. Segundo Ortega y
Gasset (2022), o futuro se apresenta sempre como uma
visão problemática, posto condicionado por inúmeras
possibilidades ainda inconcretas, de maneira que o
passado signica a única referência sólida a nortear a
vida humana, cujo conhecimento se torna indispensável
à estruturação do presente, bem como à condução
segura dos passos seguintes. Arma, pois, que uma das
grandes possibilidades acerca da grave desorientação
2 O nominalismo, conforme esclarece Villey, representa uma estrutura lógica, ode se promove a distinção clara entre coisas e seus signos, portanto, “as
coisas só podem ser, por denição “simples”, isoladas, separadas; ser é ser único e distinto; Pedro, Paulo, os indivíduos são e, na pessoa de Pedro, há
apenas Pedro, e não alguma outra coisa que dele se distinga “realmente” (Villey 2019a, 229).
do ser humano com relação a si mesmo na atualidade
decorra do fato de, nas últimas quatro gerações, o
homem médio, embora sabedor de inúmeras coisas, não
mais possua qualquer conhecimento sobre a história.
Não nos demoremos: a realidade é nossa vida, e
esta é como é, tem a estrutura que tem, porque as
anteriores formas de vida foram tais e como foram
em linha concretíssima de destino único. Por isso
não se pode entender rigorosamente uma época
se não se entendem todas as demais. O destino
humano constitui uma melodia em que cada nota
tem seu sentido musical, colocada em seu lugar
entre todas as demais. (Ortega y Gasset 2022, 73)
Em termos de construção losóca, Weaver considera que
esse processo de rejeição do passado alcança a perspectiva
metafísica de forma marcante na modernidade, pois a
partir de então, “a negação de tudo quanto transcenda
a experiência signica, inevitavelmente, a negação da
verdade [...]. Com a negação da verdade objetiva, não
há como escapar do relativismo do homem como
medida de todas as coisas” (2012, 10). Esse movimento
de desconstrução, no entanto, possui raízes mais
profundas, consoante o autor, extraídas do nominalismo
construído por Guilherme de Ockham (1287-1347), que
negava a existência real dos universais, promovendo
o rebaixamento destes a meros nomes a serviço da
consciência humana
2
. Segundo Villey, Ockham foi o
fundador de uma nova losoa, de uma maneira nova
de losofar “destinada a fazer grande fortuna durante
todo o período nal da Idade Média e mesmo depois:
é o nominalismo moderno, e o nominalismo, por si só,
signica em losoa do direito uma revolução radical”
(2019a, 223).
Esse movimento de expansão do valor da razão
empírica pautada pelo cienticismo, desprendida,
ademais, da metafísica clássica, auxilia na compreensão
do Frankenstein de Mary Shelley, bem como na
visualização dos resultados dessa marcha nos dias
correntes. Se sob a perspectiva da autora, o homem é
capaz de criar de forma técnica a vida, os limites para as
ações humanas parecem não encontrar um paradeiro,